Early Families of Otsego County New York Martha Reamy
New York City | |||
—Urban center — | |||
The City of New York | |||
Midtown Manhattan, looking north from the Empire Country Building, 2005 | |||
| |||
Nickname: The Large Apple, Gotham, Eye of the Universe, The Metropolis That Never Sleeps,[1] and others | |||
Location in the land of New York | |||
State | Us | ||
---|---|---|---|
State | New York | ||
Counties | Bronx, Kings, New York, Queens, Richmond | ||
Settled | 1624 | ||
Incorporated | 1898 | ||
Regime | |||
- Type | Mayor–Quango | ||
- Mayor | Eric Adams | ||
Area [ii] | |||
- City | 472.43 sq mi (1,223.59 km²) | ||
- Land | 300.46 sq mi (778.19 km²) | ||
- H2o | 171.97 sq mi (445.forty km²) | ||
Acme | 33 ft (10 grand) | ||
Population (2020)[iv] | |||
- City | eight,804,190 | ||
- Density | 29,302.37/sq mi (xi,313.68/km²) | ||
- Metro | xx,140,470[3] (1st) | ||
Zilch lawmaking(south) | 100xx–104xx, 11004–05, 111xx–114xx, 116xx | ||
Surface area code(s) | 212, 646, 332, 718, 347, 929, 917 | ||
FIPS lawmaking | 36-51000 | ||
GNIS characteristic ID | 975772 | ||
Website: www.nyc.gov |
New York Urban center, officially named the City of New York, is the virtually populous city in the United States, and the most densely populated major city in Due north America.
The metropolis is at the center of international finance, politics, entertainment, and culture, and is one of the world's major global cities (along with London, Tokyo and Paris) with a nearly unrivaled collection of museums, galleries, performance venues, media outlets, international corporations, and stock exchanges. The city is also dwelling to the Un, along with all of the international missions associated with information technology.
Located in the state of New York, New York City has a population of over 8 one thousand thousand within an expanse of 309 square miles (800 km²). Information technology is at the centre of the New York Metropolitan Area, which is one of the largest urban conglomerations in the globe with a population of over 22 one thousand thousand. New York City proper comprises five boroughs: Brooklyn, the Bronx, Manhattan, Queens, and Staten Island, with all but the terminal having populations exceeding one million.
The urban center includes big populations of immigrants from over 180 countries who help brand it one of the most cosmopolitan places on earth. Many people from all over the United States are also attracted to New York City for its culture, free energy, and diversity, and by their ain hope of making information technology large in the "Big Apple."
Contents
- 1 History of New York Metropolis
- 2 New York Urban center government
- iii Geography and climate
- 3.1 Geography
- iii.ii Climate
- 4 Demographics
- iv.one Organized religion
- five Economy
- 6 Culture of New Yorkers
- 6.1 Immigration and international flavor
- 7 Tourism and recreation
- viii Cultural institutions
- 9 Media and entertainment
- 10 Theater
- 11 Professional person sports
- 12 Transportation
- 12.1 Mass transit
- 12.2 Colleges and universities
- 13 Skyline
- fourteen Notes
- 15 References
- 16 External links
- 17 Credits
The city serves as an enormous engine for the global economic system, with an estimated gross metropolitan product of $1.28 trillion in 2010, and is home to more Fortune 500 companies than any other place in the United States.
History of New York City
Long before the arrival of European settlers, the New York Metropolis expanse was inhabited by the Lenape people, including such tribes every bit the Manahattoes, Canarsies, and Raritan; Lenape in canoes met Giovanni da Verrazzano, the first European explorer to enter New York Harbor, in 1524. Post-obit the 1609 voyage of Henry Hudson, European settlement began with the founding of the Dutch fur trading settlement in Lower Manhattan in 1613, later chosen New Amsterdam (Nieuw Amsterdam) in the southern tip of Manhattan in 1624. In 1626, Peter Minuit purchased Manhattan Island and Staten Island from Algonquin tribesmen in exchange for trade goods. Minuit's settlement was a haven for Huguenots seeking religious freedom. New York has ever since been a oasis for immigrants seeking freedom from oppression.
In 1664, English ships captured the city without struggle, and the Dutch formally ceded information technology to the English in the Treaty of Breda at the decision of the Second Anglo-Dutch War in 1667. The city was renamed New York, after James, Knuckles of York, and became a royal colony in 1685 when James succeeded his brother as Rex of England.
New York was greatly damaged by burn down during the Boxing of Brooklyn at the start of the American Revolutionary State of war, and was occupied by the British until November 25, 1783. On this date, marked annually thereafter equally "Evacuation 24-hour interval," George Washington returned to the urban center and the last British forces left the United States. The Continental Congress met in New York City under the Articles of Confederation.
On September 13, 1788, the United States Constitutional Convention temporarily set New York Urban center as the first upper-case letter of the U.South., and on Apr 30, 1789, the first President of the United States, George Washington, was inaugurated at Federal Hall on Wall Street. Philadelphia became the next U.Southward. capital in 1790.
During the nineteenth century, the city was transformed by clearing, a visionary development proposal called the Commissioners' Plan of 1811, which expanded the urban center street grid to encompass all of Manhattan, and the opening of the Erie Canal, which continued the Atlantic port to the vast agricultural markets of the Midwestern United States and Canada in 1819. By 1835, New York Metropolis had surpassed Philadelphia equally the largest city in the United States. Local politics became dominated by Tammany Hall, a Democratic Party political machine. Public-minded members of the erstwhile merchant elite pressed for a Central Park, which was opened to a design contest in 1857—it was the first landscaped park in an American metropolis.
During the American Civil War (1861–1865), the city's strong commercial ties to the South, its growing immigrant population, and acrimony about conscription led to divided sympathy for both the Union and Confederacy, culminating in the Typhoon Riots of 1863, one of the worst events of civil unrest in American history. After the Civil War, the rate of immigration from Europe grew steeply, and New York became the offset stop for millions seeking a new and amend life in the United States, a role best-selling by the dedication of the Statue of Freedom in 1886.
In 1898, New York Urban center took the political grade in which it exists to this solar day. Manhattan and the Bronx, though still one canton, were established every bit two separate boroughs and joined together with three other boroughs created from parts of next counties to grade the new municipal regime originally called "Greater New York." The Borough of Brooklyn, incorporated the independent urban center of Brooklyn and several municipalities in eastern Kings Canton, New York; the Borough of Queens was created from western Queens Canton (with the remnant established as Nassau County in 1899); and The Borough of Staten Island contained all of Richmond Canton. All municipal (county, town, and city) governments contained inside the boroughs were abolished. In 1914, the New York Land Legislature created Bronx County, making five counties coterminous with the 5 boroughs.
On June 15, 1904, over i,000 people, by and large German immigrants, were killed when the steamship General Slocum caught burn down and burned on N Blood brother Isle, in the East River; and on March 25, 1911, the Triangle Shirtwaist Company fire in Greenwich Village took the lives of 145 female garment workers. These events would somewhen lead to advancements in the urban center's burn down department, building codes, and workplace regulations.
Throughout the kickoff half of the twentieth century, the city became a world center for manufacture, commerce, and communication. Interborough Rapid Transit (the first New York subway company) began operating in 1904, and the railroads operating out of Grand Central Terminal thrived. New York City became the most populous city in the world in 1925, overtaking London. Despite the effects of the Peachy Depression, the 1930s saw the building of some of the globe's tallest skyscrapers, including numerous Art Deco masterpieces that are nonetheless function of the city's skyline today. Both earlier and after World War Ii, vast areas of the city were reshaped past the ascent of the bridges, parks, and parkways of coordinator Robert Moses, the greatest proponent of automobile-centered modernist urbanism in America.
A post-World War II economic and residential nail was associated with returning veterans and immigration from Europe, and huge tracts of new housing were constructed in eastern Queens. In 1951, the United Nations relocated from its first headquarters in Flushing Meadows Park, Queens, to the East Side of Manhattan. Similar many U.S. cities, New York suffered population decline, an erosion of its industrial base, and race riots in the 1960s, and by the 1970s, the city had gained a reputation for existence a criminal offence-ridden relic of history. In 1975, the city regime was on the brink of financial plummet and had to restructure its debt through the Municipal Assist Corporation, headed by Felix Rohatyn. The urban center was also forced to take increased scrutiny of its finances past an agency of New York State called the Financial Command Lath. The 1980s saw a rebirth of Wall Street, and the city reclaimed its role at the heart of the worldwide financial industry.
Organized crime has been associated with New York City since the early twentieth century, when legendary mobsters roamed and controlled certain areas of the city and many businesses. In the 1980s, prosecutors like Rudolph Giuliani became famous for successfully prosecuting notorious law-breaking bosses, restoring religion in the American justice system.
In the 1990s, as crime rates dropped drastically and the outflow of population turned around, the city once more became the destination of immigrants and U.South. citizens seeking the lifestyle that only New York City could offer. Since 1991, New York City has seen a continuous trend of decreasing crime.
New York City was the site of a terrorist assault on September 11, 2001, when nearly 3,000 people were killed by an al-Qaeda terrorist strike on the Globe Trade Center, including New Yorkers employed in the buildings, passengers and crew on two commercial jetliners, and hundreds of New York Urban center firemen, policemen, and rescue workers who came to the assistance of the disaster. Thick, acrid smoke connected to pour out of its ruins for months post-obit the Twin Towers' peppery collapse. The urban center has since rebounded and the physical cleanup of Ground Zero was completed ahead of schedule. The Freedom Tower, intended to be exactly one,776 anxiety tall (a number symbolic of the year the U.s.a. Declaration of Independence was written), was built on the site and opened on Nov three, 2014.
New York City government
New York City is governed by the New York Metropolis Charter. The lease is enacted and amended by the New York State Legislature, and occasionally through plebiscite. Though subservient to the land of New York, the metropolis enjoys a loftier degree of legislative and executive autonomy. Like most governmental entities in the Us, the urban center regime is divided into executive, legislative and judicial branches. In 1898, when New York City was consolidated into its present form, all previous town and county governments within information technology were abolished in favor of the nowadays five boroughs and a unified, centralized city government.
The executive branch of New York City is headed by the mayor, who is elected by direct popular vote. The mayor of New York Urban center appoints several deputy mayors to head major offices within the executive co-operative of the urban center authorities. Deputy mayors report direct to the mayor.
Legislative power in New York Metropolis is vested in a unicameral urban center council, which contains 51 members, each representing a district of approximately 157,000 people. Council members are elected every 4 years, and the leader of the majority party is called the speaker. Like well-nigh legislative bodies, the city council is divided into committees which have oversight of diverse functions of the city regime.
Unlike the rest of New York State, New York City does not have typical county courts. Instead, there is a single ceremonious court, with a presence in each borough and metropolis-wide jurisdiction, and a criminal courtroom for each New York City canton, which handles bottom criminal offenses and domestic violence cases, a responsibility shared with the family court.
Geography and climate
Geography
New York Urban center is located in the middle of what is known as the BosWash megalopolis, 218 miles (350 km) driving distance from Boston and 232 miles (373 km) from Washington, D.C. The city is situated on the three major islands of Manhattan, Staten Island, and on western Long Island (Brooklyn and Queens), too as on the mainland in the Bronx. There are also some smaller islands in the surrounding waters, including Ellis Isle, Governors Isle, Liberty Island, Roosevelt Island, and small islands located in Jamaica Bay.
The Hudson River flows from the Hudson Valley into New York Bay, becoming a tidal estuary that separates the Bronx and Manhattan from New Jersey. The E River, really a tidal strait, stretches from the Long Island Sound to New York Bay, separating the Bronx and Manhattan from Long Island. The Harlem River, some other tidal strait between the East and Hudson rivers, separates Manhattan from the Bronx.
Upper New York Bay is surrounded by Manhattan, Brooklyn, Staten Isle, and the coast of New Jersey, and is connected past the Narrows betwixt Brooklyn and Staten Island to Lower New York Bay, which is partially surrounded by Brooklyn, Staten Island, and the coast of New Jersey, and opens to the Atlantic Body of water.
Climate
New York Urban center has a humid continental climate, though being adjacent to water it suffers less temperature fluctuation than inland areas. New York winters are typically cold (though not severely and so; temperatures below 0°F (-eighteen°C) only occur about once per decade on average). Temperatures in the 10s and 20s (°F) are quite mutual at the height of winter and New York winters sometimes feature snowstorms that tin paralyze the city with over a foot (30 cm) of snow (such as the Blizzard of 1888, which led to the city'due south telephone and telegraph lines moving surreptitious, and led to the building of the subway). Summers in New York are hot and humid, with temperatures commonly exceeding 90°F (32°C), although high temperatures in a higher place 100°F (38°C) are about every bit rare as subzero (°F) lows in winter. Humidity levels are ordinarily quite high in July and August. Autumns are comfortable in New York and similar to spring in temperature.
Demographics
New York City is the most populous city in the United States, and the nation's most densely populated of all municipalities (of more than than 100,000).
Throughout its history, New York has been a major port of entry for immigrants into the United States. More than than 12 meg European immigrants were received at Ellis Isle between 1892 and 1924. The term "melting pot" was offset coined to describe densely populated immigrant neighborhoods on the Lower East Side. Past 1900, Germans constituted the largest immigrant group, followed past the Irish, Jews, and Italians. In 1940, Whites represented 92 per centum of the city's population. Today, approximately 37 percentage of the metropolis's population is strange-born. No single country or region of origin dominates.
Religion
Largely a result of Western European missionary work and colonialism, Christianity is the largest religion in New York Metropolis, with large numbers of both Roman Catholics and Protestants, with smaller numbers of other Christian denominations. The Washington Heights neighborhood of Manhattan contains the shrine and burying place of Saint Frances Xavier Cabrini (Female parent Cabrini), the patron saint of immigrants.
Judaism, with over a million adherents, more than one-half of whom live in Brooklyn, is the second largest religion and represents the largest metropolitan Jewish population outside Tel Aviv, Israel. The largest Jewish denominations were Orthodox, Haredi, and Conservative Judaism. Reform Jewish communities are prevalent through the area. Congregation Emanu-El of New York in Manhattan is the largest Reform synagogue in the world.
Islam ranks as the 3rd largest religion in New York City, with over 600,000 observers, including 10 percent of the metropolis'due south public school children. Powers Street Mosque in Brooklyn is one of the oldest continuously operating mosques in the U.South., and the first Islamic organization in the city and country.
Following these 3 largest religious groups in New York City are Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, Zoroastrianism, and a variety of other religions, also every bit disbelief.
Economy
Historically, the urban center developed because of New York Harbor, widely considered one of the finest natural ports in the world. The value of this port was profoundly expanded in 1819 with the opening of the Erie Canal, which gave New York an enormous reward over the competing ports of Boston and Philadelphia. The old port facility was at the S Street Seaport in Manhattan, but today there is still residual activity remaining at Ruby-red Hook in Brooklyn, and the Howland Hook Marine Terminal in Staten Island. Blood-red Hook handles the majority of the cacao edible bean imports to the United States. Since the 1950s, most shipping activeness in the area has shifted to the Port Newark-Elizabeth Marine Terminal in New Jersey. Despite changes in international shipping, trade and the 3rd sector of manufacture have always remained the real ground of New York's economy.
Manufacturing first became a major economic base for New York City in the mid-nineteenth century with the appearance of industrialization and the railroad. New York was formerly a national center for habiliment manufacturing. There are still around 120,000 manufacturing jobs in the city compared to over a 1000000 in the middle of the twentieth century. Like international aircraft, though, manufacturing gradually declined in the late-twentieth century with rising state values. The urban center was also a pioneering center for the American film industry. Today, New York City is the master center of finance in the world economy, with Wall Street in Lower Manhattan's Financial District. Financial markets based in the city include the New York Stock Commutation, NASDAQ, American Stock Exchange, New York Mercantile Exchange, and New York Board of Trade. Many corporations as well have their headquarters in New York.
New York is also the center of many service sector industries in the U.S., with more Fortune 500 companies headquartered in the city than anywhere else in the state. The city is an important center for American mass media, journalism, and publishing. Manhattan's Madison Artery is synonymous with the American advertising industry, while 7th Artery is nicknamed "Way Artery" as information technology serves every bit an important center for the mode manufacture. Ninety percent of the diamonds imported to the United States pass through New York, and nigh of these are handled and cut in the urban center'due south Diamond Commune on 47th Street between Fifth and Sixth Avenues. New York is also an important center for art, music, and theater in the U.S.
Culture of New Yorkers
New York City, sometimes called "The City That Never Sleeps," is famously fast-paced and active, and the American idiom "in a New York minute" means "immediately." New York Metropolis residents are called "New Yorkers." Residents of the metropolitan area generally refer to New York City (or sometimes simply Manhattan) as "The City," or "New York," and the acronym "NYC," as opposed to just "NY," helps to avert confusing references tothe land of New York. The nickname most used for New York Urban center is the "Big Apple."
Because of traffic congestion and the well-designed New York Subway, six in ten residents, including many center class professionals, commute to piece of work via public transportation, making the everyday lifestyle and "pedestrian culture" of New Yorkers substantially dissimilar from the "car culture" that dominates virtually American cities. This pattern is strongest in Manhattan, where subway service is better and traffic is worse than in the outer boroughs.
Immigration and international flavor
New York absorbs a greater diversity of immigrant groups than any other American city, and it absorbs a larger number of immigrants every day than all other U.S. cities except Los Angeles. Its international flavor makes it the archetype of the American platonic of a melting pot—a nation of blended cultures. The metropolis government employs translators in 180 languages.
Some historic ethnic/racial neighborhoods include Harlem, Little Italy, Flushing, Jackson Heights, Chinatown, Washington Heights, Briarwood, and the Lower East Side.
The Lower East Side and The East Village are where the term "melting pot" originated—referring to the droves of people from diverse European nations squeezing into this small, 100-cake or so surface area of tenements, learning to live together for the offset time.
Tourism and recreation
Tourism is a major local industry, with hundreds of attractions and an average of 39 meg tourists visiting the urban center each year. Many visitors get in a bespeak to visit the Empire State Edifice, Times Square, Radio City Music Hall, the Statue of Freedom, Ellis Island, Wall Street, Un Headquarters, the American Museum of Natural History, St. Patrick'southward Cathedral, and the Brooklyn Bridge, amid other attractions.
In that location are over 28,000 acres (113 km²) of parkland found throughout New York Urban center, comprising over 1,700 divide parks and playgrounds. The all-time known of these is Fundamental Park, which is a great example of landscape architecture, likewise every bit a major source of recreation for New Yorkers and tourists alike. The urban center as well has 578 miles (930 km) of waterfront and over 14 miles (22 km) of public beaches.
The Earth Merchandise Center was an important tourist destination before the September 11, 2001 attacks, which devastated the metropolis and its tourist industry. The metropolis was near devoid of tourists for months, and it took two years for the numbers to fully rebound with fewer international, but more domestic visitors. At present, the World Trade Heart site has itself become an important place for visitors to see.[5]
Cultural institutions
New York is a city of great museums with the Metropolitan Museum of Art'south assemblage of historic art, the Museum of Modernistic Art and Guggenheim Museum'southward twentieth-century collections, and the American Museum of Natural History and its Hayden Planetarium focusing on the sciences. A number of the city'south museums are located along the Museum Mile section of Fifth Avenue.
In addition to these museums, the city is as well domicile to a vast array of spaces for opera, symphony, and trip the light fantastic toe performances. The largest of these is Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts, which is really a complex of buildings housing 12 divide companies, including the New York Philharmonic, the Metropolitan Opera, the New York City Opera, the New York Metropolis Ballet, and Jazz at Lincoln Middle. Other notable performance halls include Carnegie Hall, Radio Metropolis Music Hall, and the Brooklyn Academy of Music.
Media and entertainment
New York City has been the bailiwick of many dissimilar, ofttimes contradictory, portrayals in mass media. Because of its sheer size and cultural influence, New York has served as the unwitting backdrop for virtually every conceivable viewpoint on large city life. New York's portrayal on television is similarly varied, with a disproportionate number of law-breaking dramas taking place in the city despite the fact that information technology is one of the safest cities in which to live in the United states of america. New York City boasts over 40 daily newspapers in several different languages, including such national heavyweights equally the Wall Street Journal (daily circulation of 2.1 1000000) and the New York Times (1.vi one thousand thousand), and America'south oldest continuously-published paper, the New York Mail, founded in 1801 past Alexander Hamilton.
New York City also is the habitation and broadcasting capital for the four major U.S. tv set networks, ABC, CBS, NBC, and the Fox Network, besides every bit the news network CNN. The New York City film industry is 2d in revenue simply to that of Hollywood.
With its connection to media and communications and its mix of cultures and immigrants, New York City has had a long history of association with American music. The city has served as an important centre for many different genres of music ranging from the Large Ring Era and jazz, from punk rock to goth and hip-hop (the latter of which is generally acknowledged as having originated in the Bronx around 1973).
The East Hamlet and Lower Eastward Side continue to shine every bit the urban center's premier destination for music (stone, blues, jazz, dance), art (mixed media), and indie theater (experimental, off-Broadway). From CBGB'south to LaMama Theater to the Amato Opera Business firm, the area is famous for having a "venue on every block."
Theater
New York City boasts a highly agile and influential theater district, which is centered on Times Square in Manhattan. It serves both as the center of the American theater manufacture, and as a major allure for visitors from around the world. Along with London'due south West End theater district, Broadway theaters are considered to be of the highest quality in the world. Despite the name, many "Broadway" theaters are non located on Broadway Street and the distinction with off-Broadway and off-off-Broadway (which tends to mean experimental theater) is simply a reference to the seating capacity of the theater.
Professional sports
Although football has become the most pop American professional sport, in New York City baseball game arguably still stirs the most passion and interest. A "Subway Serial" between the city teams is a fourth dimension of great excitement, and whatever World Serial championship by either the New York Yankees or the New York Mets is considered to be worthy of the highest celebration, including a ticker-tape parade for the victorious squad. The New York metropolitan area is the only one in the United States with more than i squad in each of the four major sports (football, baseball game, basketball, and water ice hockey), with nine such franchises.
New York City was the host of the 1998 Goodwill Games.
Transportation
Dissimilar most of America's car-oriented urban areas, public transportation is the most common fashion of travel for the majority of New York City residents. As of 2001, 50 percent of New York Urban center households and simply 20 pct of Manhattan households had access to a vehicle, equally compared to more than 90 percent nationwide. The metropolis is served by an extensive network of parkways and expressways.
Mass transit
New York City boasts the well-nigh extensive network of public transportation in the United States. The world-famous New York City Subway is operated by the Metropolitan Transportation Authorization (MTA). It is the most all-encompassing subway system in the world when measured by mileage of track (656 miles of mainline track). The subway organization connects all boroughs except Staten Island, which is served by the Staten Island Railway via the free Staten Isle Ferry (which connects to the one subway line). The urban center is also served past the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey's Port Authority Trans-Hudson (PATH) subway system, which connects the borough of Manhattan to New Jersey.
The Port Say-so also owns and operates the four major airports in the New York City area, John F. Kennedy International Drome (JFK) in Jamaica (Queens), Newark Liberty International Aerodrome in Newark, New Jersey, La Guardia Aerodrome in Flushing, New York, and Teterboro Airdrome in Teterboro, New Bailiwick of jersey.
Colleges and universities
New York City is served past the publicly-run City University of New York (CUNY), the largest urban academy in the United states of america, which has a number of campuses throughout the five boroughs. The metropolis is as well home to other institutions of higher learning, some of national or fifty-fifty international reputation, including Columbia University, Fordham University, Manhattan College, New York University, the Juilliard Schoolhouse, The Cooper Union, Marymount Manhattan College, and The New School.
New York Metropolis is also a major heart of academic medicine. Manhattan contains the campuses of the world-class Rockefeller Academy, Weill Cornell Medical College, and Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Eye, too equally Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Centre and NYU Medical Center and their medical schools. In the Bronx, the Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University is a major academic center. Brooklyn also hosts 1 of the country'southward leading urban medical centers: SUNY Downstate Medical Center, an bookish medical centre, the oldest hospital-based medical school in the United States. Professor Raymond Vahan Damadian, the inventor of the MRI, was part of the faculty from 1967 to 1977 and built the first MRI machine there.
New York Urban center is also abode to several of the nation's peak schools of art and design, including Pratt Institute, the Schoolhouse of Visual Arts, the Style Institute of Engineering, and Parsons School of Blueprint.
Skyline
New York City has one of the nigh famous skylines in the earth; because of both its high residential density and the extremely loftier existent estate values found in the city'south central business districts, New York has clustered the largest collection of function and residential towers in the world. In fact, New York actually has three separately recognizable skylines: Midtown Manhattan, Downtown Manhattan (besides known as Lower Manhattan), and Downtown Brooklyn. New York City has a long history of alpine buildings and the downing of the World Merchandise Towers by terrorists in 2001 was a tragedy unparalleled in American ceremonious history.
Notes
- ↑ Why is New York Urban center known as "the Large Apple" and "Gotham?" Dictionary.com. Retrieved Jan 6, 2022.
- ↑ 2021 U.Southward. Gazetteer Files U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved Jan vi, 2022.
- ↑ NEW YORK - NEWARK - JERSEY CITY Metropolitan Statistical Surface area in USA U.S. Census Bureau Retrieved Jan 6, 2022.
- ↑ QuickFacts: New York city, New York U.S. Census Agency. Retrieved January 6, 2022.
- ↑ Projection Rebirth Retrieved January 6, 2022.
References
ISBN links support NWE through referral fees
- Black, Mary. Quondam New York in Early on Photographs, 2d rev. ed. Dover Publications, 1973. ISBN 0486229076
- Burrows, Edwin G., and Mike Wallace. Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898 (The History of NYC Series). Oxford University Press, 1998. ISBN 0195116348
- Ellis, Edward Robb. The Epic of New York City: A Narrative History. Reprint. Carroll & Graf, 2005. ISBN 0786714360
- Hodges, Graham Russell Gao. Taxi! A Social History of the New York City Cabdriver. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2007. ISBN 080188554X
- Harris, Bill. The Earth Trade Heart: A Tribute. Courage Books, 2001. ISBN 0762413158
- Jackson, Kenneth T. The Encyclopedia of New York Urban center. Yale University Press, 1995. ISBN 0300055366
External links
All links retrieved January 7, 2022.
- https://www1.nyc.gov/ The Official Website of the City of New York].
- NYC History and Facts
- New York City Travel Guide
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